Alpha-Gal Syndrome- Red Meat Allergy from a Tick Bite

Dr. Guillermo Ramirez

Alpha-gal syndrome is a serious allergic reaction triggered by alpha-gal, a sugar molecule found in red meat. This allergy is developed when a person is bit by a specific type of tick. The lone star tick was thought to be the only tick that can transfer alpha-gal into the human bloodstream through a bite, however recent cases have been in areas with deer ticks, and western black-legged ticks. The species of ticks that can spread this allergy is no longer believed to be unique to the lone star tick, which can be found in the outdoors in the Midwest and eastern United States. The CDC estimates that almost 450,000 people have AGS, with a steady increase since 2010.

Symptoms are typically developed two to six hours after ingesting red meat. Beef, pork, and lamb are typical triggers. Symptoms include but are not limited to:

• Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting
• Rashes and itching
• Fainting
• Anaphylaxis

There is no known cure for AGS, but symptoms can be managed by avoiding products that contain alpha-gal.

Taking precautionary measures against tick bites is the best way to prevent developing Alpha-gal syndrome. This can be done by:

• Using insect repellant
• Checking for ticks after spending time outside
• Wearing long sleeves and pants

Serious reactions to red meat as a result of AGS may require carrying an epinephrine auto-injector and should seek medical attention. Dr. Guillermo Ramirez is an infectious disease specialist with Jackson Medical Group. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Ramirez, call 786-585-4JMG(564).