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Bacterial Vaginosis: A Common Infection May Be Sexually Associated

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Health & Wellness

By: Veronica Alvarez-Galiana, MD

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects one in three women worldwide. For years, doctors believed BV resulted from an imbalance of bacteria, not something that spread between partners. However, a new study in The New England Journal of Medicine suggests that BV may also be sexually associated. A sexually associated infection can be contracted through sexual contact.

At this time, there’s not enough evidence to suggest that BV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) like chlamydia or gonorrhea, which spreads among several partners. However, the study found that treating male partners reduced BV recurrence in female partners by 60 percent.

What’s BV?

BV happens when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to symptoms like:

  • A thin, grayish discharge
  • A strong, fishy odor (especially after sex)
  • Mild itching or burning

If untreated, BV can increase the risk of contracting other STIs like HIV, and can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, potentially causing infertility.

Is there new information about BV as a sexually associated infection?

The same research suggests that BV may spread through sexual contact, as partners often share the same bacteria. Women with new or multiple partners are at higher risk, and treating only one person may not be enough.

What does this mean for you?

  • Prevention matters: Condoms and fewer sexual partners may reduce risk.
  • Treatment could change: If further studies show that BV should be reclassified as an STI, doctors may recommend treating partners, just like we do for other infections like chlamydia.
  • Talk to your doctor: If you’ve had recurring BV, discuss this new research to ensure the right care.

Bottom Line

As an obstetrician and gynecologist (OB-GYN), I know this news may feel surprising, and may even be of concern. BV is common, and these new findings don’t mean you’ve done anything wrong. It just means science is evolving, and so should our approach to treatment.

If you have symptoms or concerns, consult your gynecologist. We’re here to help.

Dr. Veronica Alvarez-Galiana is an OB-GYN at UHealth Jackson Specialty Care at Jackson South Medical Plaza. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Alvarez-Galiana, call 305-256-5720.