Measles Outbreak: Do You Need a Booster Shot?

Measles, a virus that was once nearly wiped out in the U.S., is making a worrying comeback. Cases are on the rise in 2025, and many people are asking, “Am I safe?” Here’s the latest on the outbreak, why vaccination matters, and whether you should be concerned about a booster.

The current measles outbreaks

Measles cases are popping up across the country. In 2024, there were 285 reported cases, the most since 2019. So far in 2025, cases have been reported in Alaska, Georgia, California, Kentucky, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Rhode Island. Even more concerning, a recent outbreak in Texas has reached 146 cases, and tragically, a child died on February 25, marking the first measles-related death in the U.S. in 10 years.

Why is measles coming back?

As fewer people get vaccinated, the virus has more opportunities to spread. When vaccination rates decline, the chances of outbreaks increase, and so does the risk of serious consequences, like hospitalization and death.

The importance of vaccination

Measles is highly contagious and can cause fever, cough, red eyes, and rash. Severe cases can lead to life-threatening complications like pneumonia, blindness, and brain swelling (encephalitis). In some cases, measles can even be fatal.

The measles vaccine, part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine, is highly effective. One dose is 93 percent effective against measles, and two doses increases the effectiveness to 97 percent. Experts recommend kids receive the first MMR vaccine at 12 to 15 months, with a second dose when they’re 4 to 6 years old.

If you didn’t get the vaccine as a child, getting the MMR shot now can offer protection.

Do adults need a booster shot?

If you’re an adult, you might wonder whether you need a booster shot. Here’s a quick guide:

• For most adults: If you received two doses of the MMR vaccine as a child, you’re likely protected for life.

Less than 1 percent of people with full vaccination experience a decrease in immunity. However, if you’re unsure of your vaccination status, check with your doctor or take a test to measure immunity levels.

• For those vaccinated between 1968 and 1989: You likely received one dose of the measles vaccine, instead of the two doses that are recommended today. One dose alone is highly effective and typically provides enough protection. However, an additional dose is recommended by the CDC for those who work in school settings or in health care, if you live with or are in close contact with immunocompromised patients, if you’re traveling internationally, or if you live in a community experiencing an outbreak.
• For those vaccinated between 1963 and 1968: You may have received the first version of the measles vaccine, which was less effective. If this applies to you, the CDC recommends getting one dose of the current MMR vaccine.
• Low antibody levels: If you’re tested and results show you have low immunity, you may want to consider a booster shot. For most people, this isn’t necessary.

What can you do now?

• Check your vaccination status: If you were born before 1957, you might have natural immunity from previous exposure to the virus. If you’re unsure, talk to your doctor or get tested.
• Get vaccinated, if necessary: If you’ve never had the MMR vaccine, or only received one dose, it’s a good time to get vaccinated.
• Help protect others: By staying up to date on your shots, you’re helping prevent outbreaks and protecting vulnerable people.

Stay informed, stay protected

The best ways to protect yourself and others against the measles is to stay up to date with your vaccines, take steps to prevent the spread, and keep up with the latest healthcare recommendations.