West Nile Virus: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

West Nile virus has been in the spotlight after Dr. Anthony Fauci, the former director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, recently contracted the disease. Dr. Fauci thinks he was infected after getting bit by a mosquito in his backyard.

As we continue to spend time outdoors this summer, here’s an overview of what West Nile virus is, and how to protect yourself and your loved ones from getting infected.

What is West Nile virus?

West Nile is the most common mosquito-borne virus in the continental U.S. Many people who get infected may not even know it, or experience mild symptoms. However, about 20 to 25 percent of people have high fevers, muscle aches, and more severe side effects. About 1 percent of people who get infected can have a more serious illness, including brain or spinal cord infection and inflammation. This is rare, though, and is more common in the elderly.

West Nile virus infections and outbreaks tend to occur in the late summer, starting at the end of July and peaking in August and September.

What are West Nile virus symptoms?

Most people who are infected with West Nile don’t have symptoms. However, about one in five people experience the following:

• Fever
• Headache
• Body aches
• Joint pain
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Fatigue
• Weakness

What should you do if you think you or a loved one might have West Nile?

If you or loved one suspect that you might be infected with West Nile virus, talk to your doctor about the symptoms and signs you might be feeling. They’ll advise if you should get tested. If you have severe headaches with fever, and any weakness in your legs or arms, then you should get immediate care.

How can you protect your family from West Nile? And if you are infected, what are the treatment options?

There aren’t specific medications available to treat West Nile virus. Over-the-counter medicines, along with rest and fluids, can relieve some of the common symptoms. Severe cases might require hospitalization. If there are cases of West Nile in your area, you should try to avoid mosquito bites by wearing insect repellant and clothing that covers your arms and legs. You should also avoid spending time outside during peak mosquito hours, which are dusk and dawn; and stay clear of areas with standing water.