What Is Epstein-Barr Virus? What You Need to Know

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus that can make people feel very tired and sick. Most individuals will get EBV at some point in their lives, typically when they’re kids or teens. EBV causes mononucleosis, or “mono” sometimes called the “kissing disease,” because it spreads through saliva. You don’t need to kiss someone to catch it—sharing drinks, food, or even coughing can spread EBV.

Common symptoms of EBV include:

• Extreme tiredness
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Swollen neck glands
• Swollen spleen
• Headaches and body aches

Some people with EBV may not feel sick at all, while others can feel weak for a long period of time.

Who’s at risk?

While EBV is more common among teens and young adults, it spreads easily, and anyone can catch it. People with weak immune systems may have a harder time fighting the virus. Once you get EBV, the virus stays in your body for life, but most of the time doesn’t make you sick again.

EBV and other health risks

Doctors have found that EBV may be linked to other health problems. A new study shows that EBV can raise the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease that harms the brain and spinal cord. EBV can also raise the risk of some cancers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. This happens in rare cases when the virus changes how cells grow in the body.

Who diagnoses and treats EBV?

If you feel extremely tired for a long time, or have a sore throat that won’t go away, your primary care doctor or pediatrician can help. They may run blood tests to check for EBV, and if your case is more serious, send you to a specialist.

How is EBV treated?

There’s no cure for EBV, but most people get better with rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and eating healthy foods. Doctors may give medicine for pain or fever. It’s important not to play contact sports until a doctor says it’s safe, especially if the spleen is swollen.

Stay safe and aware

Wash your hands often, don’t share drinks or utensils, and rest if you feel sick. If symptoms last too long, talk to your doctor.

Understanding EBV helps you stay healthier and aware of your body. If you have questions, our care team is here to help.